The Ultimate Strong Verbs List Thatll Instantly Supercharge Your Writing

The Ultimate Strong Verbs List Thatll Instantly Supercharge Your Writing 249 Strong Verbs Thatll Spice Up Your Writing Do you ever ask why a syntactically right sentence you’ve composed just lies there like a dead fish? I sure have. Your sentence may even be brimming with those descriptive words and qualifiers your instructors and friends and family so respected in your composing when you were a child. Yet at the same time the sentence doesn’t work. Something basic I gained from The Elements of Style years back changed the manner in which I compose and added verve to my writing. The writers of that little authoritative guide of style stated: â€Å"Write with things and action words, not with modifiers and adverbs.† Indeed, even Mark Twain was cited, with respect to descriptive words: â€Å"When in question, strike it out.† That’s not to state there’s a bad situation for descriptive words. I utilized three in the title and first section of this post alone. The fact is that acceptable composing is progressively about all around picked things and solid action words than it is about descriptors and intensifiers, in any case what you were told as a child. There’s no snappier success for you and your composition than ferreting out and taking out of shape action words and supplanting them with lively ones. Step by step instructions to Know Which Verbs Need Replacing Your first insight is your own inconvenience with a sentence. Chances are it includes a nap prompting action word. As you sharpen your brutal self-altering abilities, train yourself to misuse chances to swap a powerless action word for a solid one. Toward the finish of this post I propose a rundown of 249 clear action words you can try different things with to supplant tired ones. Need a duplicate of the 249-action word rundown to peruse, spare, or print at whatever point you wish? Snap here. What comprises a drained action word? Here’s what to search for: 3 Types of Verbs to Beware of in Your Prose 1. Condition of-being action words These are latent rather than ground-breaking: Is Am Are Was Were Be Being Been Have Has Had Do Does Did Will Will Ought to Would May Might Must Can Could Am I saying these ought to never show up in your composition? Obviously not. You’ll discover them in this piece. In any case, when a sentence lies limp, you can wager it contains in any event one of these. Deciding when a condition of-being action word is the guilty party makes an issue and finding a superior, all the more remarkable action word to supplant it-is the thing that makes us authors. [Note how I supplanted the condition of-being action words in this paragraph.] Fight the temptation to counsel a thesaurus for the most intriguing action word you can discover. I counsel such references just for the ordinary word that conveys power however won't ring a bell. I would propose even that you counsel my rundown of ground-breaking action words simply after you have depleted all endeavors to concoct one all alone. You need Make your writing to be your own creation, not yours in addition to Roget or Webster or Jenkins. [See that they are so natural to spot and fix?] Models Inept: The man was strolling on the stage. Incredible: The man walked along the stage. Inept: Jim is an admirer of nation living. Incredible: Jim treasures nation living. Inept: There are three things that cause me to feel the way I do†¦ Ground-breaking: Three things persuade me†¦ 2. Action words that depend on intensifiers Incredible action words are sufficiently able to remain solitary. Models The fox ran immediately ran through the backwoods. She menacingly looked frowned at her opponent. He covertly listened spied while they talked about their arrangements. 3. Verbs with - ing additions Models Previously: He was walking†¦ After: He walked†¦ Previously: She was cherishing the thought of†¦ After: She cherished the thought of†¦ Previously: The family was beginning to gather†¦ After: The family began to accumulate The Strong Verbs List Ingest Advance Exhort Change Correct Enhance Assault Inflatable Slam Hitter Bar Meat Gab Impact Jolt Lift Brief Communicate Brood Burst Transport Bust Catch Catch Charge Chap Chip Catch Climb Grasp Impact Order Collective Fall down Snap Crash Long for Smash Dangle Run Destroy Leave Store Distinguish Go astray Eat up Direct Observe Find Disassemble Download Drag Channel Dribble Drop Spy Lock in Overwhelm Extend Catch Wrap Delete Escort Extend Detonate Investigate Uncover Expand Concentrate Eyeball Battle Fish Excursion Fly Grimace Circuit Distortion Look Glare Glimmer Shimmer Sparkle Eat Oversee Handle Float Hold Moan Grab Snarl Guide Spout Hack Hail Increase Totter Drift Rush Touch off Light up Investigate Educate Increase Entwine Grant Bump Excursion Lash Dispatch Lead Jump Find Reel Prowl Amplify Imitate Mint Groan Change Duplicate Dream Mushroom Confuse Notice Advise Acquire Persecute Request Paint Park Peck Look Friend See Picture Pilot Pinpoint Spot Plant Thud Pluck Plunge Toxic substance Pop Position Force Prickle Test Prune Figure it out Discuss Backlash Refashion Refine Expel Report Retreat Uncover Resound Rejuvenate Alter Rotate Tear Rise Ruin Surge Rust Walk Hasten Output Burn Scratch Scratch Scribbling Seize Serve Break Shepherd Gleam Sparkle Stun Wilt Sizzle Skip Lurk Slice Slide Lurk Slip Droop Guzzle Crush Destroy Tangle Growl Sneak Snowball Take off Spam Shimmer Game Sprinkle Gaze Starve Take Steer Tempest Strain Stretch Strip Walk Battle Falter Supercharge Supersize Flood Review Swell Swipe Swoon Tail Snitch Meander Transfigure Change Travel Treat Trim Excursion Walk Tussle Reveal Uncover Unwind Reveal Usher Cover Howl Weave Wind Pull back Wreck Wrench Wrest Wrestle Wring Yank Punch Zap Snap here or underneath to download the extended rundown (presently 249 amazing action words!), alongside the three sorts of action words to look for in your composition. Recommend in the remarks three (just) distinctive action words that ought to be added to my rundown.

Drawings for King Lear :: William Shakespeare Plays Literature Essays

Drawings for King Lear While in Paris in 1843-4, Ford Madox Brown outlined a lot of eighteen pen-and-ink reads for King Lear. Two structures he later created as completed works of art - Lear and Cordelia (1848-49) and Cordelia's Portion (1866)- - and a third he transformed into an oil-sketch, Cordelia Parting from Her Sisters (1854). Sixteen of the drawings were appeared in 1865 at his Picadilly Exhibition, and Brown composed the subtitles that show up underneath the drawings for the display inventory. The sixteen portrayals with inscriptions are claimed by the Whitworth Gallery in Manchester, and the two without subtitles are in the City Museum and Art Gallery of Birmingham. The drawings are done in pen and sepia ink over pencil on paper; they are around 11 x 14 creeps in size. The possibility of an arrangement, for example, this was not unique with Brown; the German craftsman Moritz Retzsch had finished his arrangement of diagrams of Shakespeare's plays (1828-46), which remembered an arrangement for King Lear, and Eugã ¨ne Delacroix had distributed his arrangement of thirteen lithographs for Hamlet in 1843, a year prior to Brown executed his drawings. Pundits think Brown knew crafted by the two specialists and was impacted by them. Earthy colored viewed these representations as close to plots, writing in the index that went with his 1865 review display that they were rarely expected however as impolite first thoughts for future progressively completed structures (19). In spite of their incomplete quality, they capably summon what Lucy Rabin portrays as a dubiously remote authentic period (52), a period spoke to by Shakespeare as post-Roman yet at the same time pre-Christian. Portage Madox Hueffer, the painter's grandson, proposes that the crudity of the representations was, truth be told, purposeful - Brown's endeavor to depict in intense, practically level structures the barbarity of Lear and the period where he lived (53). Earthy colored uncovers in these straightforward portrayals a comprehension of King Lear that far outperforms anything the pundits needed to state about a play that was not in the least famous in the nineteenth century. Charles Lamb watched from the get-go in the century that Lear is basically difficult to be spoken to on a phase, and toward the century's end - as in, for instance, a survey of Sir Henry Irving's King Lear at the Lyceum Theater- - the pundits were all the while citing Lamb and affirming that King Lear would not go on without serious consequences for an hour whenever delivered without the name of Shakspere (Illustrated London News 101:637). Little miracle that Sir Henry Irving was supposedly apprehensive and on edge when he created this disliked play at the Lyceum in 1892.

Is Gatsby Great Analyzing the Title of The Great Gatsby

Is Gatsby Great Analyzing the Title of The Great Gatsby SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Regularly, your first feeling of a book is your response to its title. The best titles make books sound secretive, energizing, or intriguing, drawing in perusers. All around picked titles likewise give perusers a feeling of what they can hope to discover inside the pages of the book. Simultaneously, a title is generally an author’s method of proclaiming what is and isn’t significant in the book. A title can mirror a work’s topic or center, bringing up the correct temper for perusing. So how does the title of The Great Gatsby work? What is it indicating us about the book that we are going to peruse - and how does our comprehension of the title move as we clear our path through the story? Is Gatsby extremely incredible? In this article, I’ll analyze the various implications of this title and clarify different titles that Fitzgerald was thinking about when he was composing the book. What Can We Learn From The Title of The Great Gatsby? So as to truly investigate the manners in which that this title mirrors the novel, let’s first cut it into its parts, and afterward think about them back to front. The Title Features the Name of a Character For the most part, when a novel is titled with the name of one of the characters, that either implies that we’re going to peruse a life story or that the named personis the primary character (for example, Jane Austen’s Emma or J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter). Along these lines, here, the way that â€Å"Gatsby† is in the title gives us that the focal point of the story will be on him. For this situation, this center goes the two different ways. The epic is true to life, which means, the novel is the tale of Gatsby’s life. Yet additionally, Gatsby is, truth be told, the hero of the story. It’s supportive for the title to give us this, since in this book the principal individual storyteller turns out not to be the principle character. Amazing? Fantastic! Amazing. Presently let’s research four potential readings of the second piece of the title, which all rely upon the significance of the word â€Å"great.† 1. Shallow and Straight-Faced This rendition takes â€Å"great† as a clear commendation, which means â€Å"wonderful.† In this form, Gatsby is incredible on the grounds that he is the most extravagant, coolest, handsomest fella, who drives the best vehicle and tosses the most slamming parties. In this take, the title implies all out profound respect: Gatsby is only significance. This perusing of the title applies best in the start of the novel, when Gatsby is all puzzling bits of gossip, twirling achievement, and inconceivable extravagance, and when Nick is in his bondage. 2. Taunting and Ironic Then again, we could be managing the â€Å"oh, that’s just great.† form of this word. As we - and the novel’s characters - become familiar with Gatsby, the underlying interest with him transforms into frustration. In this perusing, the â€Å"great† turns unpleasant. Truly, Gatsby’s cash originates from wrongdoing. His gatherings, house, and material riches don’t fulfill him. He’s an ethical bankrupt who is pursuing a wedded lady. What's more, he loathes his genuine self and has made an entirely different phony persona to experience a young dream. This perusing of the title works when Gatsby appears to be a dismal, shallow shell of â€Å"greatness† †he’s like a big name brand with no there. 3. Profound and Soulful Another chance is that â€Å"great† here methods â€Å"intense and grand.† After all, despite the fact that Gatsby is an empty shell of a man who’s propped up by laundered cash, Nick immovably accepts that he stands head and shoulders above theold cash set since everything Gatsby does, he accomplishes for the most genuine of genuine affection. Scratch, who begins being going back and forth about Gatsby, comes to think about his adoration for Daisy as something that lifts Gatsby. For Nick, this affection marks Gatsbyas the one in particular who matters of the considerable number of individuals he met throughout that mid year (They're a spoiled crowd....You're worth the entire damn pack set up (8.45)). 4. Showy The last chance is that this â€Å"great† seems like the stage name of an entertainer (like â€Å"The Great Cardini,† ace card illusionist). This form of Gatsby is additionally totally fitting: all things considered, he truly changes into an entirely unexpected man over a mind-blowing span. Also, it wouldn’t be the last time that the novel was keen on the way Gatsby can make an exhibition, or the manner in which he is by all accounts following up on a phase as opposed to really living. For instance, Nick says Gatsby helps him to remember a â€Å"turbaned ‘character’ spilling sawdust at each pore† (4.31), while one of Gatsby’s visitors thinks about him to David Belasco, an acclaimed theater maker (3.50). The Title Is a Timeline So which of these forms is the right one? Every one of them. A fascinating aspect regarding this novel is that the title’s significance shifts relying upon how far we’ve read, or how much time we’ve spent thinking about what we’ve read, or what we eventually decide to accept about Gatsby’s motivationsand driving aspiration. Which adaptation of the â€Å"great† Gatsby advances to you? Gatsby: constantly somewhat overwhelming. Acclaimed Alternate Titles Did you realize that Fitzgerald really was not a tremendous enthusiast of the title The Great Gatsby? It was pushed on him by Max Perkins, his supervisor, who was confronting a cutoff time (and likely by his better half Zelda also). Fitzgerald had a rundown of titles he really liked to this one, and every one of them uncovers something about the novel, or possibly about Fitzgerald’s feeling of what the novel he composed was about. Not at all like the real title the novel wound up with, the substitute titles change in how zoomed in they are onto Gatsby. Let’s experience them to perceive what they uncover about Fitzgerald’s origination of his work. Trimalchio, or Trimalchio in West Egg This was Fitzgerald’s most loved title - it’s what he would have named his book if Max Perkins hadn’t meddled to state that nobody would get the reference. Perkins may have been correct. Trimalchio is a character in The Satyricon, a book by the Ancient Roman author Petronius. Just pieces of this work endure, yet fundamentally, it’s a parody that taunts Trimalchio for being a nouveau riche opportunist who tosses uncontrollably intricate and prominently costly evening gatherings (sound recognizable?). Trimalchio is haughty and revolting and excited about showing his riches in shabby manners. In the piece we have, Petronius depicts one gathering finally. It closes with the visitors carrying on Trimalchio’s burial service as an inner self lift. It’s essential to take note of that in The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald refers to Gatsby straightforwardly as Trimalchio at a certain point: ...as unclearly as it had started, his profession as Trimalchio was finished (7.1). Since The Satyricon is a parody, this substitute title proposes Fitzgerald initially needed to introduce Gatsby as a figure to be derided instead of to show up progressively great/baffling. This demeanor towards the novel’s principle searcher of the American Dreampaints Gatsby’s aspiration to join first class society in a much darker and less complimenting light than the noveldoes now. Among The Ash Heaps and Millionaires, or On The Road To West Egg These titles work out, away from Gatsby and toward the geographic, social, and financial condition of the book. Both of these titles do this by giving us a feeling of being between things, fundamentally the spots with cash and those without. Character-wise, these titles appear to be more Nick-centered, since he is the person who shows us the contrasts between these two universes. Likewise, by alluding to the physical space that isolates Manhattan and the Long Island towns where the affluent live, both of these titles legitimately reference the book’s climactic passing, which happens out and about back to West Egg, directly at where the luxuriously symbolicvalley of remains is. Gold-Hatted Gatsby, or The High Bouncing Lover These dismissed titles are the two references to the epigraph that opens the book: At that point wear the gold cap, if that will move her; If you can ricochet high, skip for her as well, Till she cry â€Å"Lover, gold-hatted, high-bobbing sweetheart, I should have you!† by THOMAS PARKE D'INVILLIERS. Thomas Parke D'Invilliers is an optional character in Fitzgerald’s semi-self-portraying first novel, This Side Of Paradise. In the novel, D’Invilliers is a writer who gets to know the principle character and whose verse appears to be never to mirror the darker real factors of life. The sonnet offers guidance to a darling why should willing go to frantic lengths to get the lady he is keen on to restore the inclination (once more, stable recognizable?). A title dependent on this sonnet would put the novel’s accentuation decisively on Gatsby’s longingforDaisy, reorienting our feeling of Gatsby as a striver to his capacity as an adoration intrigue. Under The Red, White, and Blue As opposed to referencing any piece of the book - a character, a spot, or even a thought - this title rather widens the reader’s point of view to a devoted or nationalistic perspective on the United States. The impact is that we could without much of a stretch be taking a gander at a war story, or some political tract - there is essentially nothing in this title gives us any feeling of what the hidden novel may be about. On the off chance that Fitzgerald had gone with this title, we would peruse this novel substantially more decisively as a more straightforward prosecution of America, or possibly the fantasy of the American Dream. This is absolutely one of the suffering topics of the novel, yet since Nick winds up differentiating the midwest and the east coast’s very surprising thoughts regarding achievement and the American Dream, this title would really weaken Fitzgerald’s objection by making the entirety of the U.S. co

Role and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay Example

Job and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay Example Job and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay Job and Responsibilities of a Teacher in Montessori Essay The Montessori instructor assumes a significant job in the Montessori condition. The instructor needs to gain a more profound feeling of the pride of the youngster as an individual, another energy about the noteworthiness of his unconstrained exercises, a more extensive and intensive comprehension of his needs. The most basic piece of the educator is that the instructor ought to experience otherworldly arrangement. The ethical arrangement is fundamental before one is fit to be depended with the consideration of the kids in a guideline heretofore essentially limited to individuals from strict requests. As indicated by Montessori such planning ought to be initial phase in the preparation of each instructor whatever nationality or doctrine. She should clean her heart and render it igniting with good cause towards the youngster. She should figure out how to acknowledge and should assemble every one of those small and fragile sign of the initial life in the Childs soul. The instructor must be started, he should start by contemplating his own deformities, his own underhanded propensities instead of by being too much pre busy with a â€Å"child’s inclinations, â€Å"with the way of â€Å"correcting a Childs mistakes,† or even with the impacts of unique sin. â€Å"First expel the bar from your own eye and afterward you will see obviously how to expel the bit from the eye of the child†. The mystery of adolescence. pg. no. 149. The initial step an expecting Montessori educator must take is to set herself up. She should consistently keep her creative mind alive and whe n she starts her work she should have a sort of confidence and she should liberate herself from every single assumption concerning the levels at which the kids might be. (Which means they are pretty much veered off) must not stress her. The educator, when she starts work in our schools, must have a caring confidence that the youngster will uncover himself through work, she should liberate herself from every assumption concerning the levels at which the kids might be. † The Absorbent Mind pg. 276. In The Absorbent Mind (pp. 277-81), Maria Montessori offered some broad standards of conduct for educators in the Montessori study hall. * The instructor turns into the manager and overseer of the earth. She takes care of this as opposed to being diverted by the childrens fretfulness. . . All the contraption is to be maintained fastidiously in control, wonderful and sparkling, in flawless condition. . . . This implies the educator additionally should be appealing satisfying in appearance clean and perfect, quiet and stately. . . . The teacher’s appearance is the initial step to picking up the Childs certainty in light of the fact that the offspring of this age admires his mom. The instructors first obligation i s along these lines to look out for the earth, and this overshadows all the rest. Its impact is aberrant, however except if it is all around done there will be no compelling and lasting consequences of any sort, physical, scholarly or profound. * The instructor must . . . lure the youngsters. . . . The instructor, in this first period, before fixation has shown itself, must resemble the fire, which cheers all by its glow, animates and welcomes. There is no compelling reason to expect that she will intrude on some significant clairvoyant procedure, since these have not yet started. Before fixation happens, the Montessori educator may accomplish pretty much what she thinks well; she can meddle with the childrens exercises as she regards important. . . She can recount stories, have a few games and singing, use nursery rhymes and verse. The instructor who has a present for beguiling the kids can have them do different activities, which, regardless of whether they have no extraordinary w orth instructively, are valuable in quieting them. Everybody realizes that an energetic educator draws in excess of a dull one, and we would all be able to be enthusiastic on the off chance that we attempt. . . . In the event that at this phase there is some youngster who determinedly pesters the others, the most useful activity is intrude on him . . . to break the progression of upsetting movement. The interference may appear as any sort of outcry, or in demonstrating an exceptional and loving enthusiasm for the irksome youngster. * Finally the opportunity arrives in which the youngsters start to look into something: ordinarily, in the activities of Practical Life, for experience shows that it is futile and hurtful to give the kids Sensorial and Cultural mechanical assembly before they are prepared to profit by it. Before presenting this sort of material, one must hold up until the youngsters have obtained the ability to focus on something, and typically . . this happens with the activities of Practical Life. At the point when the kid starts to show enthusiasm for one of these, the educator must not interfere, in light of the fact that this intrigue compares with normal laws and opens up an entire pattern of new exercises. . . . The educator, presently, must be generally cautious. Not to meddle implies not to meddle at all. This is the second at which the instructor frequently turns out badly. The kid, who up to that second has been extremely troublesome, at long last focuses on a bit of work. . . Applause, help, or even a look, might be sufficient to interfere with him, or pulverize the action. It appears to be a peculiar comment, yet this can happen regardless of whether the youngster simply gets mindful of being viewed. . . . The extraordinary rule that carries accomplishment to the educator is this: when focus has started, go about as though the youngster doesn't exist. . . . The obligation of the educator is possibly to introduce new things when she realizes that a kid has depleted all the conceivable outcomes of those he was utilizing previously. A significant errand of the instructor is cautious perception. The educator should direct every youngster, presenting materials, and helping where required and she should ensure that all the material vital for kids at a specific phase of advancement is accessible for them to utilize. This enables the educator to set up the earth in view of the child’s intrigue. The educator is continually aware of the heading in which the youngster is going, and effectively attempts to enable the kid to accomplish their objectives. The Montessori educator encourages the homeroom exercises, cautiously arranging nature, and pushing progress starting with one movement then onto the next. The instructor must know about the requirement for everyday planning of the earth. They should ensure the room is perfect and new, and it is sufficiently warmed in winter, and cool and vaporous in summer and there ought to be different pictures shown on the dividers, blossoms are changed day by day or not and the schedule is changed consistently. Montessori experts are prepared to manage every youngster separately. This is frequently called following the youngster. A Montessori educator regularly remains back while the youngster is working, permitting them to pick up fulfillment in their own revelations. Montessori instruments advance engine aptitudes just as improvement of the psyche. This thought permits understudies to ponder the arrangement, instead of simply sit back the recipe or strategy that their educator directed. The Montessori instructor encapsulates these thoughts and makes in the youngster the sentiment of certainty and achievement. Montessori instructors are not the focal point of consideration in the study hall. Their job focuses on the arrangement and association of learning materials to address the issues and premiums of the Montessori kids. The attention is on youngsters learning, not on educators instructing. Dr. Montessori accepted that the educator should concentrate on the kid as an individual as opposed to on the day by day exercise plans. In spite of the fact that the Montessori instructor designs day by day exercises for every kid, she should be aware of changes in the child’s intrigue, progress, temperament, and conduct. Montessori instructors are logical spectators of youngsters. They abstain from utilizing prizes and disciplines for good or poor work. Montessori educators never censure or meddle in a child’s work. It is just in a confiding in climate that a child’s character has space to develop. Kids must have the opportunity to pick their own exercises and figure out how to carry on without limitation. Dr. Montessori figured this was genuine work and that the youngster would uncover his/her actual nature once he/she looked for some kind of employment that told his/her complete consideration. Anne Burke Neubert, in A Way of Learning (1973), recorded the accompanying components in the unique job of the Montessori instructor: * Montessori educators are the dynamic connection among youngsters and the Prepared Environment. * They efficiently watch their understudies and decipher their necessities. They are continually testing, altering nature to meet their view of every childs needs and interests, and equitably taking note of the outcome. * They set up a situation intended to encourage children’s autonomy and capacity to uninhibitedly choose work that they find engaging, choosing exercises that will speak to their inclinations and keeping the earth in immaculate condition , adding to it and evacuating materials varying. * They cautiously assess the adequacy of their work and the structure of the condition each day. They watch and assess each child’s singular advancement. * They regard and ensure their understudies freedom. They should realize when to step in and set cutoff points or loan some assistance, and when it is in a childs eventual benefits for them to step back and not meddle. * They are steady, offering warmth, security, soundness, and non-critical acknowledgment to every kid. * They encourage correspondence among the youngsters and help the kids to figure out how to impart their contemplations to grown-ups. They decipher the childrens progress and their work in the study hall to guardians, the school staff, and the network. * They present clear, fascinating and significant exercises to the youngsters. They endeavor to connect with the child’s intrigue and spotlight on the exercises and exercises in the earth. * The

Finding my place at MIT

Finding my place at MIT I saw going to college as a rebirth. I really disliked high school. College was a chance to both remake myself in a friendlier mold and to build up the friend circle I never had in high school. What I didnt realize is that a social circle is not something magical that you discover once and then sticks around forever. At least, not for me. A social circle is something that Ive had to work to seek out and keep and occasionally something I have to rebuild. I was a pretty lonely high schooler. I didnt have many friends, especially senior year. I was really focused, especially on academics and atypical hobbies that didnt revolve around the high school community. As a result, I didnt fit in with the other people in my class and I consistently felt like my priorities were at odds with those of the people around me. Id be lying if I said that none of the situation was my faultIm a natural introvert and boredom and frustration made me aloof. I didnt want college to be a repeat of high school. I knew that the environment would be really differentId be around smart, multifaceted people who were focused and ambitious like me, and I could choose my friends instead of spending the whole day around the same people. That gave me hope. And I also decided that I needed to change my attitude. I was going to be more positive and open and I was going to try hard to build the friend group that I craved. And for my first year and a half at MIT, that worked spectacularly. For most of freshman year I was on a huge social high. I was let loose in a candy shop of interesting, down-to-Earth, welcoming potential friends. (Fun fact: I still think that MIT students are especially down-to-Earth and non-judgemental.) REX was one of the best weeks of my life. I found an awesome friend group first semester. I was so happy to be around people that I liked and that liked me back that I didnt mind that MIT was a lot of work and I used the term pset-party unironically. I started wondering if I was an introvert at all because I started loving meeting people and making small talk. Its true that I missed my family sometimes and took some stressful classes and still experienced some social FOMO that was left over from missing out on everything in high school. But overall it was a really great time. I thought that this was what college was like. I expected it to last forever, and it didnt. Second semester of sophomore year I grew apart from most of my freshman year friend group and I went through a breakup that I took pretty hard and I still didnt feel connected to my living group. I felt like I was back at square one. I was lonely and, in retrospect, probably a little depressed. For a while I felt like I didnt belong at my own school any more. I was afraid that I was watching high school repeat itself, that I was closing myself off, that people no longer made me happy, that I was doomed to be solitary. I remember being apprehensive to go back for Junior year because I felt like Id regressed from where I was the year before. Fortunately, that perspective turned out to be way too fatalistic. What I didnt fully recognize at the time was that while I was shedding most of my freshman year friendship circle I was also building up the next stage of my life at MIT. That same sophomore spring, by happenstance, I found my labthe same lab Im working with now, two years later, thats been a huge part of my life since. Junior fall, I moved living groups againit was the third living group Id been in, Id already changed once, and I was nervous about it and starting to think Id never find the warm live-in community that so many people seemed to have in collegebut I ended up making friends with the people on my floor and finding a really solid community. My interest in languages and my humanities concentration in French introduced me to people outside of my year and department. And even through the whole mid-college-crisis, my still-best-friend from freshman year was there for me, so I was never really alone. I spent Junior year building a new friend circle. I made a bunch of friends in my lab and my supervisor became my mentor and role model and still is to this day. Working in my lab gave me a sense of teamwork and belonging that came not just from social acceptance but also from skills that I could contribute to a group of motivated, driven people. I challenged myself to hang out more with my entry (thats the MacGregor-specific term for a floor) and got closer to the people I lived with. My interest in languages led me to take classes with people I wouldnt have met otherwise and eventually led me to the Language Conversation Exchange, where I still volunteer. Senior fall rocked. First, I had a great summer interning at my goal company in Seattle and hanging out with a bunch of friends from MIT. And then I came back to school and that rocked too. I learned a lesson from the ridiculous course load I inflicted upon myself Junior spring and took a relatively chill schedule, which meant I had more time for socializing and sleep. I spent a lot of time with people from my dorm and learned how fun it was to have friends living down the hall. There were a bunch of Senior events planned which means I even partied a little bit (:O yes three years late). I took on more responsibility in my labI even got to train some new UROPs. I finally cross-registered for a really cool Spanish class at Harvard and I volunteered and participated in the language exchanges. Winter break was awesome too. I spent finals week in Washington D.C. with the only person I know whos a bigger U.S. history nerd than memy brotherand I spent IAP in Andorra which was AMAZING, expe rientially and linguistically. Me and my brother Max visiting Lincolns memorial in D.C. This is one of the most respectful pictures we took during our trip. Most of the time, we tried to imitate the statues we were taking pictures with. We thought that maybe that wasnt appropriate given the gravity of the monument. I thought Id finally cracked it. I thought Id finally found my people! I thought that Freshman and Sophomore years had been a misstep, and that Id moved on and finally found my place. And I waswrong. In the past couple months, things have shifted again. Over winter break I lost two of my good friendships in pretty quick succession. That was a kick in the gut. As a result, some of the social groups I relied on arent the same any more. The first couple weeks of the semester were rough. Since then Ive been throwing myself into my research. My research situation has changed a lot too, but largely in a positive way. Im now technically an MEng, or Masters of Engineering student, which is MITs one-year Masters program. Im super fortunate that my professor has money to fund me as a Research Assistant, which means Im only taking two classes this semester and spending the rest of my time researching. Its really excitingIm learning a lot and I *finally* have time to focus on research in a way that was not possible as an undergrad (I submitted my first conference paper last week!!!) Its also taking some getting used to. An RAship is more like having a job and less like being a student, which means Im learning to negotiate the challenges of workplace responsibilities and relationships. So basically this semester, a lot of the pleasure and meaning in my daily life is coming from my work instead of my social life. I love having important work to do and I love that Im finally a fully-fledged member of my lab. But, as you probably gathered from the fact that I just wrote a whole blog post about it, my social connections are really important to me and Im bummed and taken aback that Im losing some of them, again. And I think Im taken aback because my assumptions about how social connections work are wrong. I never assumed I would be friends with the exact same group of people throughout college, but I guess I did assume that there was a place waiting for me somewhere here that I just had to find and then Id be welcomed and comfortable and part of that group for basically ever. And thats not true. Sometimes you leave peoples lives and sometimes they leave yours. Social connections ebb and flow. I knew that I had to work for my relationships, but I didnt realize that even then, sometimes they dont work out. Im never going to find my place. Im going to find a place. And Im going to have to work hard to keep it and sometimes, maybe often, lose it and find another one. It sounds exhausting. But at least when this happens I now know that I dont have to look back at high school and wonder if theres something wrong about me thats dooming myself to a life of loneliness. This stuff happens. Things will come back together again. My parents have always been there for meno matter whats going on at school. So has my best friend Yida, who Ive known since freshman year and who has been a wonderful part of being at MIT 3 Finding my place at MIT is something Im still working on, and, I now realize, something Ill never stop having to work on. Post Tagged #finding your place #friends #social life

Natural Elements An Exploration of Extramarital Sex and Class Division in Miss Julie - Literature Essay Samples

Strindberg recurrently uses symbolism drawn from nature to great effect throughout his play Miss Julie, accentuating the impact of the act of sexual intercourse on the shifting class divisions between Julie and Jean. The evocative imagery Strindberg uses as the play progresses highlights the protagonists’ deviation from the socially acceptable behavioural norms of the time. Already in the stage setting, the air is heavy with sexual tension. Egil Tà ¶rnqvist (1999) writes, ‘To a Swede, the birch leaves in the kitchen indicate it is Midsummer, Midsummer Eve being the one day in the year when â€Å"all rank is laid aside†, when masters and servants come together – and when drinking and love-making are carnivalesque’ and ‘there is a link between the lilacs on the kitchen table and the lilac bushes outside, suggesting that the two groups share the same sexual needs (lilacs as aphrodisiacs). The combination of Cupid, lilacs and phallic-shaped poplar s speaks for itself.’ Strategically placed symbols, which are repeated throughout the play, illustrate and provide added emphasis on the chasm between the social classes of the time contributed by the escalating seduction. Near the offset, both Jean and Julie describe dreams, which are an immediate exposà © of their desires in terms of class and thus success or personal freedom. Whilst Julie feels ‘dizzy’ at the ‘top of a high pillar’ due to her secluded position in society, Jean is ‘lying under a tree, in a dark forest’. The sense of being trapped in dense woodland creates an atmosphere of suffocation; being kept in the ‘dark’ reveals the extent to which Jean’s servant class limits his opportunities. He desires to ‘climb and climb’ higher up the tree to rob ‘the nest with the golden egg’, however ‘the trunk’s so thick, slippery, the first branch is too high, too high†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The ‘slippery’ trunk may be perceived as a phallic symbol, with the ‘golden egg’ being a yonic representation of Julie’s pure virginity that he longs to ‘steal’. The nest symbolise s female genitalia, enclosing an egg made of the most perfect metal gold, symbolic of rich treasure and status. Clearly, climbing the tree symbolises Jean’s desire to rise in society as well as a sexual act. According to Sigmund Freud (1920), ‘Ladders, ascents, steps in relation to their mounting, are certainly symbols of sexual intercourse.’ Through using the concept of theft, Strindberg also illustrates the forbidden nature of Jean’s desires. Stealing the innocent egg infers he will steal Miss Julie’s virginity through coition. The branch is part of Julie herself in this case. However it is too ‘high’ as she has not let herself ‘fall’ to the ‘ground’ yet; she has not lowered herself by consenting this act, which would result in her ‘falling from Grace’. It is further implied that Jean’s purportedly long-lived yearning to have sexual relations with Julie is in order to elevate his class thr ough the sentence; ‘if we slept on nine midsummer flowers tonight, our dreams would come true’. Bestowing to Swedish tradition, it is said that if an unmarried woman picks seven or nine types of flowers and places them under their pillow, they will dream of their future husband1. However, as any audience of the time would have known, Julie marrying the servant would automatically spell her own social undoing. She would, indeed, ‘fall’ from her ‘pillar’ due to scandal even if Jean would gain a literal leg up from the branch he has not yet ‘grabbed’. Una Chaudhuri (1993) writes that the crude symbolism of these dreams, their imagery of high and low, up and down, climbing and falling, offers a convenient and schematic key to interpreting the plot, inviting us to read the sexual encounter as a moment of class reversal. There is a sense of inevitability through Jean’s belief that he will then ‘shin up the rest like a ladder ’ and Julie’s overtly provocative interest in him as a man. Religious symbols in relation to nature are also particularly telling in revealing Julie’s previous innocence, the ramifications of the sexual act on this chastity, and the division between the two characters’ class positions. Jean’s reminiscence on their childhood is a potent device used by Strindberg to highlight Julie’s juvenile purity and thus acknowledge the extent to which she will ‘fall’ after the act. Jean implies her wholesomeness through describing the white and scented ‘jasmine bushes’, the colour signifying this pureness. The description of Julie residing in ‘the Big House’ in ‘The Garden of Eden’ with ‘Apple trees’ suggests a biblical environment. Her statement that ‘all boys steal apples’ again implies inevitability in the sexual act to come, but further casts her as the temptress, Eve, guided by Satan. Jean’s reference to ‘The Tree of Life’ lend s this first part of the play further heavy, biblical symbolism. The antithesis between the lush and bountiful ‘Garden of Eden’ and Jean’s youth – a ‘wasteland†¦ not even a tree’ colours the divide in class between the two characters. The scent of flowers is used by Strindberg to emphasise the contrast in class divisions on several occasions. When Jean is recounting his hiding in the sweetly-scented Turkish pavilion before escaping through the stinking privy, Strindberg includes in his stage directions Jean breaking off a lilac twig and holding it out for Julie to smell, flowers that are sometimes said to symbolise youthful innocence, but which in Sweden (and by Strindberg himself in his preface) were considered aphrodisiacs. Anna Westerstà ¥hl Stenport (2012) considers this a ‘deodorising’ act. Nevertheless, Julie ‘has taken the lilac, and now lets it fall on the table’. This action could be seen as a willingness on her part to let herself ‘fall’ into the dirt. Jean describes how, when he watched Julie as a child in the ‘rose-garden’, he ‘dived into the compost heap†¦ thistles, mud, stink’. Through this comparison, it is made clear that she is ‘higher up’ than him in terms of class whereas he is a ‘peasant’, not merely low in physical position, but in the filth, assaulted by the stench from his escape through human excrement and scratched by the thistles. As a young innocent child, Julie has not yet ‘fallen from grace’ and is still ‘pure’. However, once the sexual act has occurred, Jean describes Julie as ‘worthless’, illustrating this opinion with ‘I’m sorry you’ve sunk so low, lower than your own cook. I’m sorry the flowers are trampled, trampled in the autumn mud and rain’. It is evident here that the roles have reversed; the repetition of the metaphor of mud, now used to depict Julie’s social position instead of Jean’s, emphasises the extent to which inappropriate sexual relationships were once a significant determining factor in class position. Furthermore, the white flowers being ‘trampled in the m ud’ denote the desecration of her purity and the fact that she has now joined Jean in the ‘dirt’. The repetition of metaphors is especially prevalent with regards to Jean’s dream; in the first description, although it is implied that Julie is literally ‘his first branch’ to give him a ‘leg up’ in the class system, this concept is not yet fully portrayed. However, after the power balance has been overturned through the act of sexual intercourse, Julie has a revelation and realizes this truth with the very same image, saying ‘so I was your lowest branch’. Jean agrees without hesitation, with the reply ‘and how rotten this was!’ Not only was this act considered ‘rotten’, one may infer that this word was also used to depict decaying wood, therefore perhaps highlighting Strindberg’s view on Miss Julie ‘rotting’ and becoming damaged as a result of her ‘sin’. This image further reveals the deceptive gloss and hypocrisy of the upper classes and especially Julie, depicted as a feminist . Whilst a dying branch may look sturdy and polished at first glance, once stepped on it collapses, revealing its true fragile and impaired nature. In conjunction with Jean’s description of Julie’s feminist mother as having ‘manicured nails’, which are ‘black underneath’ and carrying a ‘dirty perfumed handkerchief’, Strindberg makes it clear here that class can be simply an illusion, as is the deception of decomposing wood of appearing stable on the outside. In conclusion, the organic symbols used by Strindberg are indeed an efficacious mechanism that magnify the effect of extramarital sex on the shifting class divisions between both characters. Initially, it is revealed through their dreams that they are unsatisfied with their current societal positions and almost wish to ‘swap’ these with each other in order to grasp their goals. It is made evident that Jean’s view on achieving his climbing up the social ladder is through coition with Julie, revealed through the reference of her being his ‘first branch’. Symbols of religion are successfully used to provide a clear distinction between Julie’s previous upper-class purity and her later ‘filth’, thus increasing the effect of one act of sex on this aspect. Reiteration of botanical symbols further heightens this impact, foreshadowing the devastating fate of Julie as a consequence of her fall. Bibliography Chaudhuri, U., 1993. ‘Private Parts: Sex, Class and Stage Space in Miss Julie’. Theatre Journal 45 (317-332) The John Hopkins University Press Freud, S., 1920 A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. New York, NY, US: Horace Liveright 1 http://www.graphicgarden.com/files17/eng/sweden/midsum1e.php Stenport, W. A., 2012. The International Strindberg: New Critical Essays. Northwestern University Press Tà ¶rnqvist, E., 1999. Ibsen, Strindberg and the Intimate Theatre: Studies in TV Presentation. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

Corporate Ethics Theory And Stakeholder Theory - 1309 Words

One of many duties of a director is set under s131 of the Company Act 1993. This section of the act let know that directors must act in good faith and in what the director believes is the best interest of the company. Traditionally, the word company foretold under this section have been regarded to devote solely to the company’s shareholders. However, this notion is seen as immoral. This is because according to the notion of corporate social responsibility, business must behave ethically, represents a broader recognition of stakeholders and must take into account economic, social and environmental inputs in the way it operates. Hence, people against the notion of shareholder primacy suggest that the director should also take into account the interest of a wide range of shareholders (e.g. customers, employees, the society as a whole) in order to be deemed as moral. This conflicting opinion raised the question, â€Å"To whom are the directors responsible?† This paper will explore a number of corporate governance practices (i.e. agency theory and stakeholder theory) that are related to this issue. It begins with the explanation of each theory and the discussion of ethical and societal concerns they put forward, followed by the advantage of shareholders and the disadvantage of other stakeholders regarding remedies of director’s breach of duty from a legal viewpoint and ends with a recommendation that would best reflect a good governance practice that is consistent with the corporateShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility1015 Words   |  5 Pagesa recent time companies are giving more attention to develop a CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and mainly their core values. Core values are used in marketing strategies (Berry, 1999) also in customer-retention management in order to create distinctive, long-lasting relationships with customers (Prahald and Ramaswamy, 2004; Normann, 2001) and stakeholders (Pruzan, 1998; Post et a, 2002). The interaction with a stakeholder and concerns a business operation use to understood CSR as the voluntaryRead MoreWhat is the Stakeholder Theory?1083 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder can be defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives†. This theory focuses on wider aspect rather than only focusing on just the shareholder. Stakeholder theory is a fundamental theory about how business works at its best and how it could work. It is concerning on the value creation and trade on how to manage a business effectively. A consequences of focusing on organization or company’s stakeholder is that the shareholderRead MoreStakeholder Theory Vs. Stakeholder Thinking1160 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder theory and definition Stakeholder is defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives† (Freeman 1984). Stakeholder theory, when introduced in the 1980s, signify a major change in how relationships within a business might coexist and benefit one another. The concept of â€Å"Stakeholder theory† or â€Å"stakeholder thinking† is about identifying groups who are stakeholder in a corporation and manage them. It states that organizationsRead MoreThe Evolution of the Corporation Essays830 Words   |  4 PagesStockholder Theory maintains that managers should act merely as agents to the stockholder and only serve their interests-the maximization of profits (45). Milton Friedmans argument being, they are the owners of the business, and hence they should be entitled to all profits (45). Although this simple profit-motive concept may achieve the desired result, and address all of the interests of the stakeholder s it lacks compassion that is so prevalent, and in my opinion superior, in the following theory. Read MoreThe Social Capital Theory ( Sct ) And Stakeholder Theory1168 Words   |  5 Pages Despite the conflicting nature between the social-capital theory (SCT) and stakeholder theory (ST), the role of ‘Corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) is a factor for a majority of organisations to gain an economic advantage amongst its competitors. Through globalisation, aspects involving profit maximisation and business reputation have become the primary influences of the ST. Alternatively, the minority of organisations engaging in CSR with the altruistic concern for the stability ofRead MoreLeadership Practices in The Post-Bureaucratic Era1575 Words   |  7 Pagessustainable development as development that satisfies the needs in the present as well as in the future (Bansal 2005). Business is considered as an aspect of the society as a whole (Evans 1992) and it can be seen that the society is more concerned about ethics,law and regulations,thus a more sustainable management style is widely applied in the post-bureaucratic era. In the first section,I draw upo n Cameron and Caza (2004),Mackey (2011),Bansal(2005) and Driscoll and Starik (2004) to present ideas on theRead MoreCorporate Management Theories1721 Words   |  7 PagesGroup 1 Corporate Governance Theories of corporate management and Process Definition:- According to the business directory, management theory is a collection of ideas which set forth general rules on how to manage a business or organization. Management theory addresses how managers and supervisors relate to their organizations in the knowledge of its goals, the implementation of effective means to get the goals accomplished and how to motivate employees to perform to the highest standardRead MoreDichotomy between Stakeholders and Management1425 Words   |  6 PagesIn light of recent global business scandals, corporate governance has become a significant topic. It can be understood as a dichotomy between the shareholders and the management of a company. Navigating this relationship is often problematic as the shareholders provide oversight while management makes daily executive decisions on their behalf. When managed appropriately, this balance between shareholders and management can result in improved efficiency, conflict resolution and a contribution to improvingRea d MorePublic Relations Institute Of New Zealand Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine the PRiNZ definition of Public Relations against various models of both Public Relations communication and the ethics employed when exhibiting them. Examples from contemporary New Zealand will clarify critical assessment. The first part of the definition describes a â€Å"deliberate, planned and sustained effort†. This idea is best developed when looked at in terms of Systems Theory (Bertalanffy, 1968). This idea works around describing PR organisations as â€Å"open† or â€Å"closed† systems. These systemsRead MoreThe Maximisation Of Shareholder Value Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Finance Formative Assignment Joshua Lillis Seminar Group 001 Seminar Tutor: Maryam Alhalboni The maximisation of shareholder value is a corporate objective that has become increasingly popular since the 1980’s. Many companies explicitly state that maximising shareholder value is one of their key business objectives; an example of this is Coca-Cola, who state in their Coca-Cola Company Vision (2016) that â€Å"maximising long-term return to shareholders† is one of their business goals

Types And Regional Distribution And Frequency Of...

i. Abstract Numerous extinct spreading centres are found within the world’s ocean basins and these record instances of spreading cessation or migration that provide valuable insights into the mechanism of heat-loss from the mantle and plate tectonic behaviour. This study presents the first comprehensive review of all reported extinct ridges and investigates their characteristics and regional distribution and frequency of occurrence over the last ~170 Myr as recorded in present-day preserved oceanic crust. The axial morphology, gravity signal and crustal structure of extinct ridges are evaluated by generating across-axis profiles through global datasets (IHO - IOC 2014; Sandwell et al. 2014) for individual ridge segments. Information on the spreading-rates, time of cessation and duration of spreading prior to cessation was collating information from previous studies. The potential geodynamic influences on the lifespan and activity of mid-ocean ridges were investigated by evaluating the rel ationship of extinct ridges to hotspots at their time of extinction using GPlates (Boyden et al. 2011) and a global reconstruction (Seton et al. 2012). Global examples are investigated to assess similarities or differences and to determine the ‘characteristic’ signal of extinct ridges. Ridges were classified according to the quality of constraints into a primary, secondary or tertiary tier that dictated their inclusion in the quantitative analysis undertaken. Spreading centre subtype is

Research Essay Topics College Abnormal Psych Reviews & Guide

Research Essay Topics College Abnormal Psych Reviews & Guide The Most Popular Research Essay Topics College Abnormal Psych You're also likely to go over the efficacy of using medication to deal with mental illness and the capacity for overmedicating. Therefore, a mixture of the 2 approaches could be beneficial in the treatment of phobias. Additional the psychodynamic strategy is largely based on case study research therefore it is quite challenging to test for reliability as every situation is different e.g. the results gained from 1 client may not be suitable for a different customer. You are going to learn how to administer intelligence and neuropsychological tests, and you'll obtain a comprehension of personality inventories. Psychology is such a wide subject, so you wish to locate a topic that enables you to adequately cover the subject without becoming overwhelmed with information. Because general psychology classes cover such a wide selection of topics, you have a hug e assortment of subject ideas to select from. Attempting to compose a research paper on a topic that doesn't have a lot of research on it's incredibly hard, so before you choose a topic, do a little preliminary searching and be certain you are going to have all the info you have to compose your paper. As you start trying to find psychology essay topic ideas, the very first thing that you ought to think about is the guidelines for your essay given by your instructor. Make certain there are enough online sources on the subject you've chosen. Chancing upon a topic for your study can be tough, but there are many great approaches to think of intriguing ideas. For instance, a variety of people might have a phobic reaction to exactly the same stimulus but for an entirely different reason. The hardest thing is getting a proper topic for the exact same. The ability of the scenario, other individuals, and the social group is going to be examined. While there may be numerous alternatives for you, you must select the best options tha t won't make your situation worse. So as to compose a paper, you must compose a research question. If you still feel you need help, even if you've managed to opt for a topic, you may always employ a custom writing service to assist you produce a fabulous research paper of which you'll be proud and will guarantee you a nice mark. As soon as you have that narrowed down, you can concentrate your research and compose a remarkable paper. Naturally, correct research is to be carried out ahead of essay drafting phase. Whatever the kind of essay might be, there's a standard or core structure which is to be utilised in their writing. Locating a good topic is just one of the most essential steps when writing any sort of paper. After you've chosen an overall region, you can then narrow your paper topic down to something considerably more specific and manageable. It's wise to use clear topic sentences if you would like to state the principal points of every paragraph. The End of Research Essay Topics College Abnormal Psych The many years they've spent writing college papers for students give them with the capacity to supply excellent papers. Other than actually writing the texts, you have to put forward a strong subject, conduct thorough research to discover relevant data. It's complicated for a student studying different courses to do psychology essay writing since they don't have the comprehension of the human mind and the way it works. There are various styles a student can select to compose their psychology essay. Additionally, it lets you concentrate on what you would like to show in your Psychology thesis paper. Psychology is a rather broad and diverse area of study, and it is possible to find a range of lists of potential topics for psychology essay papers online. Certainly, it is one of the most interesting branches of science out there. Psychology for a stream of study might be quite demanding, thinking about the multiple facets and layers that are involved with the matter. Before you sit to compose a psychology essay, you should be certain that you read the question thoroughly and understood what's required of you. Whenever your assignment is a literature review, you're usually indicated with the maximum studies it's possible to put in your work. The title of your assignment automatically determines the research you are going to have to do to be able to be in a position to compose the paper.

Massive Changes During the Reconstruction Era of America

As a country, America has gone through many political changes. Leaders have come and gone, all of them having different objectives and plans for the future. One period of time in which leaders sought change was 1865 which was the time period known as Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time period of many different leaders, different goals and different accomplishments. Many debate whether Reconstruction was a success or failure. Success is an event which accomplishes its intended purpose, which Reconstruction did, but during this process of accomplishment, evil came about. There was many good things that came from the Reconstruction era which leads me to believe that it was a success, these accomplishments were; Reunification of the Union , more laws came about along with the protection of African Americans and the Enforcement acts, the Freedmens Bureau was created along with an education system, and the Compromise of 1877. Lincolns main goal was to reunite the Union after the North had won and demolished most of the South. Lincoln wanted to reunite the North and South but the South didnt want to join a slave free north. Lincoln came up with the 10 percent plan which required 10 percent of the state’s population to vote to be loyal to the North and then that state would have to create a new government. The southern states combated this plan with the Wade-Davis Bill which stated that reconstruction would be handed over to congress and the Southern StatesShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The 20th Century1544 Words   |  7 PagesCivil War to the end of the 20th century has changed drastically when you asses America on an economic, social, and political level. The changes between the end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century are the cause in the way America has been shaped and how American’s think. In fact, industrialization and urbanization, equal rights for all citizens, and tw o world wars played a major role in the shape of America to our understanding. Although, there are numerous events that have shaped theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Reconstruction During The Civil War Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pages America has gone though many political changes since its birth as a nation. Many presidents have come and gone, trying to bring about change, thus creating revolutionary moments in this country’s history. These â€Å"revolutionary movements† have created lasting impressions on the United States that helped mold the nation that it is today. One such movement was Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time in America consisting of reuniting the country and pulling it from the economic catastrophe that stemmedRead MoreDemographic Changes in America (1607-1914)1167 Words   |  5 PagesDemographic Changes in America (1607-1914) Historical records of American demography start with the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Puritans landed in Plymouth and made a home for themselves with the help of Native Americans. These first immigrants in the colonies (British, Dutch, and German), moved to America between the early 17th and late 18th centuries in what was known as Old Immigration. During the colonial period, the birth rate was high but the life expectancy was low. It wasRead MoreU.S. History 1865 to 1945 Worksheet Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesU.S. History 1865 to 1945 Worksheet Matrices Using the information from your textbook and classroom discussion complete the following matrices. 1. Era of Reconstruction Matrix While completing the Matrix, contrast presidential reconstruction plans with congressional reconstruction. Note key people, major dates, policies, and outcomes for the New South. If necessary, additional rows may be added to the matrix. Plan Key People Dates Policies Outcomes Lincoln’s 10%Plan Abraham Lincoln AndrewRead MoreWhite Resistance to the Civil Rights Movement Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesCivil Rights Throughout Reconstruction, southern whites felt constantly threatened by legislation providing rights for former slaves. The Civil Rights Bill of 1875 was the last rights bill passed by congress during reconstruction. It protected all Americans’ (including blacks) access to public accommodations such as trains. With the threat of complete equality constantly looming, violence toward former slaves gradually increased in the years following the Civil War. Beatings and murdersRead MoreThe Beginning of a New Nation: Southern Reconstruction After The Civil War1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthe south was dramatically changed. America faced an arduous task of rebuilding the devastated economy and social infrastructure in former Confederate states. This new movement was known as the Reconstruction era, and it was responsible for the emergence of a multifaceted industrialization of manufactured goods and transportation networks. In the book, Steel Drivin’ Man, Scott Reynolds Nelson conveys the intensity of political debate during the Reconstruction era. The conflict revolved around the roleRead MoreIda B Wells And The Reconstruction Of Race Summary1424 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has a history riddled with both successes and failures alike. Among America’s greatest disgraces is that of the segregation of African Americans following the Civil War. When the war had finally ended, a period known as the â€Å"Reconstruction† began. During this time, the country began to attempt to mend it’s self politically, economically, and, most importantly, socially. In the southern portion of the United States, great atrocities were being committed against African Americans, and yet,Read MoreSlavery : A Rough Draft1315 Words   |  6 Pagesfavor, but in simplicity of heart, fearing the Lord.† However, due to the inhumanity of slavery, during Vatican II the Church reversed its ideas on slavery. This massive change took place more than 80 years a fter the end of reconstruction. This long period of time raises many questions regarding the Church s ability to make that big of a change, and why the Church waited so long make those changes. These types of questions can be answered by going back into the bible, and into the Church’s historyRead MoreHistoriography of the Reconstruction Era2240 Words   |  9 PagesRiham Elshazli Professor Clement Price Civil War and the Reconstruction 12/11/12 Historiography of the Reconstruction Era At a time when America was trying to piece itself back together, the Reconstruction Era is one of the most important chapters in history. It is also, however, one of the most debated. After the Civil War, the South was devastated and thousands of freed slaves needed to be integrated into society. When Andrew Johnson took office, he was moderate in his views as to what shouldRead MorePre and Post Reconstruction Period – Politics, Economic and Social Effects2107 Words   |  9 Pages History 2301-SA01 – United States History to 1877 Instructor: 18 July 2011 Pre and Post Reconstruction Period – Politics, Economic and Social Effects This research paper is intended to explain in general terms some of the political, economics and social effects America dealt with during the Pre and Post Reconstruction Period. During the last years of the Civil War, as Union forces moved closer to victory and millions of former slaves became free, Americans began to think about

Information Literacy †What does it mean Free Essays

The 21st century has been defined as the â€Å"Information Age† due to the fact that there has been an overwhelming amount of â€Å"information output and information sources.†Ã‚   (ACRL, 2006, p. 1)   In a report released in 1989 by the American Library Association’s Presidential Committee on Information Literacy stated that, â€Å"No other change in American society has offered greater challenges than the emergence of the Information Age. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Literacy – What does it mean? or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Association of College Research Libraries, 1989, n.a).   In order to combat the growing need for students to adapt to this age of information, professionals began working towards providing an educational environment that focuses on information literacy. To define Information literacy and narrow it down to one specific interpretation would be impossible, as it has been defined in a variety of ways since 1970.   To offer a broad definition, the American College of Research Libraries defines it as, â€Å"the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze and use information.   (ACRL, 2006, p. 1) Christina Bruce, has also defined information literacy as â€Å"the overarching literacy essential for 21st century living.†Ã‚   (Bruce, 2004, p. 2) A number of professionals continue to develop strategies and policies that will enhance the area of information literacy and enable educators to assist students as they take advantage of the information and communication avenues available to them.   (Bruce, 2004, p. 2) Christina Doyle was the first to introduce the Delphi technique into the realm of information literacy, in her 1992 study where a national panel of experts from the National Forum of Information Literacy conducted a study that took a deeper look into the National Education Goals.   (Doyle, 1994, p. 21) This technique was used to reach an agreement among professionals that â€Å"information Literacy is the ability to access, evaluate and use information from a variety of sources.†Ã‚   (Doyle 1992).   The outcome of this study defined the framework to show the critical nature of information literacy and the importance of working to create an information society. (Doyle, 1994, p. 21) The goals established by this committee lead to â€Å"successful education and employment for all Americans.†Ã‚   (Doyle, 1994, p. 21) Since 1980, a variety of information literacy skill models have been developed by educators, national and state organizations and national associations dedicated to information literacy.   These models are designed to support student educators as they attempt to integrate information into their classrooms, assist school librarians as they attempt to provide leadership in the school system, and to assist professionals as they attempt to stay in tune with technology advancements.   (Stripling, 1999, p. 54)   These models provide educators the means to teach students a series of processes and steps to follow as they evaluate and process information.   (Bruce, 2004, p. 3) Perhaps one of the most popular models is the Eisenberg and Berkowitz Big6 model.   Eisenberg and Berkowitz define their approach as, â€Å"a systematic approach to information and problem solving.†Ã‚   (Eisenberg Berkowitz, 1990, p. 1)   They also believe that through the model’s evolution that it has developed two additional definitions – â€Å"2) six broad skill areas are necessary for successful information problem solving. Students need to develop a range of competencies within each skill area. 3) a complete library and information skills curriculum are necessary.   Often referred to as a scope and sequence the Big Six Skills offers a systematic alternative to traditional K-12 frameworks that focus on location and access skills.†Ã‚   (Eisenberg Berkowitz, 1990, p. 1)     Ã‚  Ã‚  This approach has been widely accepted and implemented by many schools. Another model used to shape the way that students obtain and evaluate information is the Stripling and Potts Research Process Model.   It was originally developed in 1988 and was widely accepted â€Å"because it provided a guide through each state of creating a research paper.†Ã‚   (Reidling Eisenberg, 2002, p. 7)   Stripling and Pitts suggest that students follow a 10 step research process within a outline that shows the student how information literacy skills build upon each other.  Ã‚   (Reidling Eisenberg, 2002, p. 7) Research continues to progress in the area of information literacy, as information and technology continue to advance.   Education requires a learning model that is based upon the foundation of the real world – a model that is active and incorporated with reality, rather than separated.   (Association of College Research Libraries, 1989, n.a).   For this reason, information literacy is a means of personal empowerment. It allows people to verify or refute expert opinion, and to become independent seekers of truth. (Association of College Research Libraries, 1989). But how much information is too much? In business, Herbert E. Meyer, who has served as an editor for Fortune magazine and as vice-chairman of the National Intelligence Council, describes in his 1988 book, Real World Intelligence (2), the astonishment and growing distress of executives who `are discovering that the only thing as difficult and dangerous as managing a large enterprise with too little information is managing one with too much` (Meyer, 1987 p.29).   Meyer does, however, go on to stress that companies should focus and rely on public sources that are available to them for a great deal of their information.   (Meyer, 1987 p.36). It is important that a focus is placed upon differentiating between information literacy and information technology.   Information technology skills â€Å"enable an individual to use computers, software applications, databases, and other technologies to achieve a wide variety of academic, work-related, and personal goals.†Ã‚   (American Library Association, 2000, p. 3) Information literacy is, â€Å"a set of abilities requiring people to ‘recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively the needed information.†Ã‚   (American Library Association, 2000, p. 2)   Information literacy consists of more than searching through library reference materials – it’s a goal for learners and does not consist of just one technique or method.   (Gilton, 1994) The traditional way of library research is being abandoned as our society turns to the Internet for electronic resources.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Increased access to technology has altered the way that students study, while the variety of electronic information resources has widened the potential resource base for all students.† (Orr, Appleton, Wallin, 2001, p. 457) Approximately 75% of schools today have internet access and it is quickly becoming an important teaching tool in the educational classroom. (German Bartolo, 2001, p. 1)   Multiple studies have been done showing the impact that the Internet is having on students.   It has been shown that 20 % of the college students do not make any judgment about the quality or reliability of the information that they obtain from the Internet or other sources. (Zabel, 2004, p. na) With the onset of the Internet and the challenge it has posed on the information literacy curriculum, professional organizations are partnering with educators to work with students in educational systems of all levels.   Austin Peay State University’s Woodward Library was one of 23 universities that created a program to assist students to â€Å"evaluate information available on the World Wide Web.†Ã‚   (Austin Peay State University Quick News, 2001, p. na) This venture supporting the tactics of Information Literacy was supported by the Association of College and Research Libraries and funded through the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services National Leadership Grant.   (Austin Peay State University Quick News, 2001, p. na) In an effort to support the importance of Information Literacy, efforts are being made to create evaluation tools for both students and educators to enable both to use the internet as an effective resource.  Ã‚   Project 2061, a project sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, has been created to reinforce the methods of information literacy in the area of science and mathematics.   (German Bartolo, 2001, p. 1) Information literacy is challenged by the constantly changing environment of the Information Age.   The challenge of education is to continue to develop â€Å"creative and rational thinkers who can solve problems and who can be reflective.†Ã‚   (Doyle, 1994, p. 44)   The Big6 approach to information problem solving is still the most widely used model to reinforce and teach information literacy, as approximately 84,000 teachers have been trained in the program. (Serim, 2002, p. na) Both national and international organizations are reacting to the digital age and the implications on education by designing effective intervention programs and methods.   (Serim, 2002, p. na) Though there is a great deal of work yet to be done, the foundation and practices of information literacy provide an environment where students can strive to meet the challenge. References Acrl. (2006, August 28). Association of College and Research Libraries. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlissues/acrlinfolit/infolitoverview/introtoinfolit/introinfolit.htm#what Ala. (2000). Information Literacy Competency Standards (Publication). Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries. American Library Association. (2000). Information Literacy Competency Standards (Publication). Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries. Austin Peay State University Quick News. (2001, July 30). APSU works on information literacy. Austin Peay State University Quick News. Retrieved from http://www.apsu.edu/quicknews/2001/0730/literacy.htm Bruce, C. S. (2004). Information Literacy as a Catalyst for Educational Change (Rep.). Yeppoon, Queensland: Queensland University of Technology. Chisholm, M. (1989). Presidential Committee on Information Literacy: Final Report (Rep.). Washington, D.C.: Association of College and Research Libraries American Library Association. Doyle, C. S. (1994). Information Literacy in an Information Society: A Concept for the Information Age. Syracuse, New York: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Technology. Eisenberg, M. B., Berkowitz, R. E. (1990). Information problem-solving: the big six skills approach to library information skills instruction. Norwood, New Jersey: Alex Publishing Corporation. German, L., Bartolo, L. M. (2001). Science and Information Literacy on the Internet: Using the Standards Created by the Association of College and Research Libraries and Project 2061 to Create a Science Web Page Evaluation Tool (Rep.). Denver, Colorado: Association of College and Research Libraries. Gilton, D. L. (1994). A World of Difference: Preparing for Information Literacy Instruction for Diverse Groups. MultiCultural Review, 3, 54-62. Orr, D., Appleton, M.,   Wallin, M. (2001). Information literacy and flexible delivery: Creating a conceptual framework and model. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 27, 457-463. Reidling, A. M., Eisenberg, M. (2002). Learning to Learn: A Guide to Becoming Information Literate (Teens the Library Series). New York, New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc. Serim, F. (2002, May/June 10). The Importance of Contemporary Literacy in the Digital Age: A Response to Digital Transformation: A Framework for Information Communication Technologies (ICT) Literacy. The Big6: Information Skills for Student Achievement. Retrieved from http://www.big6.com/showarticle.php?id=157 Stripling, B. K. (1999). Learning and Libraries in an Information Age: principles and practice. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited. Zabel, D. (2004). A Reaction to †Information Literacy and Higher Education. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 30, 17-21.       How to cite Information Literacy – What does it mean?, Essay examples

International Human Resource Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What is the International Human Resource Management? Answer: Introduction Globalization laid down the foundation of the growth of international business which further encompasses the development of business along with its related skills. Thus the growth in the international business eventually brings the equivalent amount of the economic, social as well as industrial development along with the cultural and environmental. In some instances, there has been the existence of some issues in relation to its operations within industries and across the regions (Armstrong Taylor, 2017). The reason behind it is the demands on the employers; implementation of new strategies, the structure as well as processes keep changing most of the times. Depending upon that the change in the workplace makes the individual face many challenges because the sole aim of the organization with which it takes the decision of relocation is the right product, at the right price and right time. Thus while being relocated to United States branch of Toyota from Australia the HR Manager basically faces many challenges from many aspects. And depending upon that the manager will have to take the requisite action to tackle the situation (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). In addition to that when the manager is relocated he becomes the expatriate of US. It is because the expatriate is an individual who is chosen by the company for any kind of international assignments and lives in another country for some reasons temporarily. Thus when the organizations are globalized like Toyota, as per this report there has been an increase in the challenge for the expatriates on international assignments to carry out the strategic tasks as per the job role. Thus this report will encompass the key insights provided the HR Manager who has been relocated from Australia to the US. In that context, it can be said that the human resource department is said to be quite complex with respect to the international business because of the diversity in the workforce (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). The management of the human resources properly is a major determinant of the success of failure of the organization in the international business. Thus any kind of crisis in that matter will eventually threaten the performance as well as the capabilities of the organization. Therefore the report will engross the various implications faced by the HR Manager in his working life after being expatriated in the US. Issues faced by the HR Manager When the manager gets relocated from the Australia branch of Toyota to the United States, the very first thing he or she faces is the workforce diversity. The presence of the workforce diversity is the indication that the people basically differ in many ways depending on their age, gender, social status, religion, personality, ethnicity, culture, and disability. Thus the manager basically faces the issues related to the predominant diversities like the presence of the religion diversity and the gender inequality (Bartram Dowling, 2013). These two are the major as well as common issues that re-seen the in the workplace and with time the HR manager from Australia will meet. Another important issue that will be raised is the cultural diversity because the manager will face the multiculturalism as well as the racial discrimination. Out of these two, the racial discrimination is one of the vital issues in various organizations in the United States (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Basically, the rapid internationalization, as well as the globalization, is the basic part that resulted in the workforce diversity and depending upon that the diverse workforce is such an entity that comprises of the multitude of various understandings, beliefs, values, unique information and the discrete ways to view the world. So the HR Manager, therefore, will face the cross-cultural workforce (Baum, 2016). Apart from that, there are other issues that can be said to be the proper resultant of the diversity such as the employment relations, health and safety and the all other functions related to the human resource management like the handling the labor unions or managing the expatriates. Out of all these contexts, the employment relations, as well as the health and safety, are the important concerns of the global economy in Toyota in the US. Thus as the role of an HR Manager, the issues that can be faced after relocating from Australia to the United States are the global health and safety, international security and terrorism, global employment management relations and lastly the maintenance of the expatriate employees (Ehnert, Harry Zink, 2013). Global Health and Safety: The maintenance of ones health and safety is the most vital part that comes under the laws and regulations of the company. Thus when the HR Manager has been appointed for the international assignment from Australia to the US, at that time these laws and regulations basically vary in between the countries (Pudelko, Reiche Carr, 2015). These laws and regulations are like virtually non-existent in Australia and are quite stringent in the US. In that case, when the expatriates from Australia were coming to the US at that time it is not that common that they will face any kind of health issues because the corporate part of the global economy takes this as a serious part of the human resources role. The expatriates like the manager from Australia will find all the emergency medication facilities ready as when needed in the organization (Gannon, Roper Doherty, 2015). Moreover, the Toyota in the United States provides the evacuation services to its employees which are quite impressive. The reason behind it is the company takes care of its employees very well and understands the need to services during the emergency. So the expatriate who travels the United States can find its health and safety as an issue but the facilities that are provided by the company in the US market attracts the employees. In that context, it is seen that the global firms like Toyota take care of their international employees but if the employee is found to be in any danger in the countries like Ukraine or Syria then it gets difficult to evacuate them which is a major issue. Other than that for the organizations like Toyota in the US, the HR Manager will find quite ease in managing its work (Gannon, Roper Doherty, 2015). Along with that the HR manager also finds many people belonging from many of the cultures in the organizations so the manager needs to cope with the organizations like Global Assistance network or International SOS to deal with any emergency situations. In that context getting adapted to the situation to deal with the entire emergency issues as well as the safety issues (Kramar, 2014). The manager also should get to know all the legal processes that should be carried out while dealing with the employees in international business. So the manager to go thoroughly through the laws and regulations implemented within the Toyota, US so that he or she will be able to manage the situation tactfully. International Security and Terrorism: Basically it is seen that the organizations running in the US run quite independently contributing a lot towards the nations economy as well as the global economy. So the company like Toyota is one of those organizations that are having their operations globally. In that case when the HR manager from Australia is signed for the international assignment at that time the threat to the terrorist action increases which raises the question regarding the security of the employees (Kiessling Harvey, 2014). Since the amount of the employees increase in the global organization like Toyota there has been the increase in the security issues. As working with the organization like Toyota so the manager can become vulnerable to face the issues like the extortion, kidnapping, physical harassment, bombing and many other dreadful activities (Messersmith Wales, 2013). It gets evident from various sources say that in recent of three months time period there has been many cases that show the hundreds of terrorist activities going on which were aimed at many businesses and the business people. The terrorist attacks basically target the company, their facilities, offices or any specific personnel. At that time the manager who shifted from Australia face these security issues and fear to take the family with him to abroad. In accordance to that manager can also face many issues related to the violence in the workplace as a result of many clashes in between the employees (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). The activities like the kidnapping, murder, robberies and car jackings become frequent as a result of these violations. For that reason, the organizations in the US had started the reduction of the firm visibility which is expected to reduce the target terrorist attacks. Global Employment Management Relations: The strength of any organization depends upon its employees and basing upon that the global economy also increases. The employment relations result into the formation of labor unions that can change the shape and situation of the company as well. In some condition, the unions are quite strong and bound to the political parties closely and in some other conditions, there has been the relatively weak union. So the manager can have the possibilities to face such kind of situation after relocating from Australia to the US. So in that condition, the HR manager must go through the policies as well as the company scenario regarding the management relations regarding the employer and employee relationship (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). It will help in attaining the peace in any kind of situation without any issue. More specifically these matters directly hit the employment as well as the provision of benefits to the employees which will result into the ethics of workplace resulting in violence. So the manager must be aware of the conditions going on within Toyota, US. Maintaining the Expatriate Employee: It is the case which comes to the matters of the vital list. It is because maintaining the expatriate employee is the most crucial part of work of an HR Manager. So as the individual has been appointed as the HR Manager so he or she must be known of the basic processes to handle the expatriate employee. More importantly, the manager himself is an expatriate so by knowing the laws, regulations, and policies associated to the expatriates in the US the manager can have some ease in handling the processes (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). The manager should know that the expatriates should be provided with proper training regarding the rules and regulations of the organization. Along with that their culture, as well as their religion, should be respected. Thus the manager also being an expatriate will face some issues regarding handling with the employees and the higher management. So the organization must be ready to help their expatriates to deal with various risks after relocation. US Economy under presidency of Donald Trump In the current condition, it is seen that the United States has faced a change in its presidency. Previously it was Barrack Obama and in current times it is Donald Trump. So as the HR Manager for an international assignment the individual must know the brief description of the nation's economy under the presidency of Donald Trump. The evidence shows that Donald Trump has an effective potential that can form the base for the good condition of the American economy (Thomas Lazarova, 2013). It is because the story of the American economy in the past conditions or past few years can be said to one of the tension phases. In that context, the phase is an aggressive condition of monetary policy and non-existent condition of the fiscal policy. In that condition, Trump mentioned in his victory speech that he was much interested in spending the economy on the infrastructure. Trump thinks the enhancement of the infrastructure as most important for the development of global economy. For that reason, he mentioned the fixing the bridges, highways, inner cities, hospitals, tunnels, and schools. By that manner, he aimed at providing employment to all people as the rebuilding process goes on. Trump as mentioned during the election that he is going to spend more in launching new programs which will increase the employment (Thomas Lazarova, 2013). Moreover, the focus can be paid more over the energy, transportation, water, and telecom. In addition, Trump planned for the cutting of the across the board taxes in relation to the individuals from 355 to 15%. In that condition, the economists created a fear as Trump is spending more and cutting the taxes but he had maintained the economic growth by implementing the plan of revenue-neutral. It is one of the innovative systems of tax credits that led the stock market to recover with time. Thus it can be considered that in Trumps presidency there will be a good growth in the economy and that should be definitely known to the HR manager. Working in Car Industry in Australia and United States Now while coming to be working in the car industry like Toyota in Australia at that time it can be considered that the Australian market was supposed to be a substantial car industry in the 20th industry. The reason behind it the nation have the plants that manufacture the automobiles especially cars and their parts in an international basis. The first car manufacturer has been from Australia, i.e.., Ford Motor Company in 1948. It then went to an increase with the market expansion of various leading car industries by the year 1970 which in later condition by 2004 increased to 400,000. It is the nations which are very well known for its car designs along with the production of large-sized production vehicles. But in that condition there is gradual decrease with the increase in Asian as well as a European import. So it decreased to 175,000 from 400,000 (Thomas Lazarova, 2013). But again from 2015 it again recovered and went on some increase along with a planning to launch a new designed Toyota car from the Australian factories by the end of 2017. Thus the Australian can also be considered as one of the good markets for working with car industries. In that condition, while coming to the American automotive market, it can be said that it is one of the leading markets across the globe. The country has also seen some dip in 2009 with a decrease of 6 million units but the gradual work processing again raised these units to 12 million by the year 2015. Thus the country can be said to be the second largest after China. Moreover, the nations comprise of the plants of almost all leading automobile brands across the globe which added up to 3 to 3.5 % of US GDP. At the same time the motor vehicle manufacturers basically add up to providing employment to an average of 909,700 people. Conclusion This report highlighted the details of the conditions as well as issues that are faced by the HR Manager who has been appointed to go for the international assignment for Toyota from Australia to United Sates. In that case, the report provided the every possible knowledge that will provide the details of the US market which will help the manager to work throughout the expatriate condition. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2017. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Baum, T. ed., 2016. Human resource issues in international tourism. Elsevier. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013. Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Bartram, T. and Dowling, P.J., 2013. An international perspective on human resource management and performance in the health care sector: toward a research agenda. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Ehnert, I., Harry, W. and Zink, K.J. eds., 2013. Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Pudelko, M., Reiche, B.S. and Carr, C., 2015. Recent developments and emerging challenges in international human resource management. Gannon, J.M., Roper, A. and Doherty, L., 2015. Strategic human resource management: Insights from the international hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 47, pp.65-75. Garca-Lillo, F., beda-Garca, M. and Marco-Lajara, B., 2016. The intellectual structure of human resource management research: A bibliometric study of the International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20002012. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, pp.1-30. Kramar, R., 2014. Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), pp.1069-1089. Kiessling, T. and Harvey, M., 2014. Human resource management issues associated with the globalization of supply chain management and logistics. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Messersmith, J.G. and Wales, W.J., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management. International Small Business Journal, 31(2), pp.115-136. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(1), pp.1-14. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016. Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J., 2014. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Thomas, D.C. and Lazarova, M.B., 2013. Essentials of international human resource management: Managing people globally. SAGE Publications. Weber, W., Festing, M. and Dowling, P.J. eds., 2013. Management and International Review: Cross-Cultural and Comparative International Human Resource Management. Springer Science Business Media. Zirar, A.A., Radnor, Z.J. and Charlwood, A., 2015. The relevance of the human resource management (HRM) to lean in the service sector: evidence from three exploratory case studies. International Human Resource Management – MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the International Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction The international human resource management is basically similar to the management of human resources through inclusion of various HR activities, payroll, talent management processes along with processes of recruitment and selection of employees on an international scale. The IHRM includes all the major activities of managing human resources through management of business functions such as recruitment, selection, training, appraisal of performances and termination of employees too, all of which are done on an international level for promoting successful business operations and improve organizational efficiency. The various functions of IHRM could help Fosters Group in Australia to achieve the goals and objectives and gain competitive advantage over its competitors in both local and international levels (Alfes et al., 2013). The topic will focus on the various trends and challenges for international HRM and its probable impacts on international business of Fosters Group in Australia ( fostersbeer.com, 2017). Nature of International human resource management While managing IHRM within a multinational corporation, three different types of employees are involved such as the home country employees, host country employees and the hired country employees. The Home country employees find working at Fosters Group the most convenient, because they stay at Australia only and this can allow them to work at the place where the corporate headquarter is located. The employees who belong from Australia where the subsidiary is located are the host country employees whereas the employees who are neither home country employees nor host country employees, though work at the subsidiary corporate headquarter re third country employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). An employee from some other country working at the Australian Multinational corporation could be a third country employee. Institutional theoryis an important theory concerned with the international HRM practices that allows for consideration of various processes to establish structures, schemes, rul es, norms and routines as important guidelines for management of social behavior. The institutional theory enables to combine the various components of IHRM, manage the HRM practices on an international level, and ensure business success with ease and effectiveness. This kind of theory can help in managing proper flow of the global human forces and form power struggles (Bratton Gold, 2012). Contemporary needs of business in strategic decisions There are various contemporary needs for business in making strategic decisions including gaining sustainability related to finance, environment and even enabling proper certification and licensing to manage the business functioning properly. Fosters Group is known for its good quality beverages including Wine and beer and so proper management of supply chains is essential. The contemporary needs of the organization include gaining sustainability by taking care of the vineyards, extract the best quality juices and make great wine and beer, which can ensure running business responsibly and generating huge amounts of profit in business. Enough revenue should be generated so that it could cover the costs and continue the business operations to meet the contemporary needs of gaining financial sustainability (Brewster et al., 2016). Fosters Group, Australia has good amount of capital and enough funds to meet the objectives of the organization and make premium quality wine so as to remain successful in the business long run. Contemporary needs of Fosters Group could be met by creating very less harmful impact on the environment, though delivering high quality wine to the consumers. The company has focused on marketing and supply chain management to increase the interests among customers and develop good mindset, thereby influencing their buying behaviors too. Beer and wine are made from various agricultural products and this is why, it is important to meet the contemporary needs by managing environment friendly practices and create a sustainable position in the market. The IHRM needs have been met by employing various individuals from the host countries and even from outside Australia (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). To make them habituated with the surroundings and adopt the current business practices of Fosters Group, Australia, proper training and development sessions should be provided to improve their skills, knowledge and expertise level. To fulfill these contemporary needs, Fosters Group must develop proper strategic management plan for making predictions of the future and identify the new ideas, trends and make sure that the resources are utilized properly. The HRM managers must ensure that employees with proper skills, knowledge and expertise should be hired who had knowledge of the agricultural components had needed for wine production along with the sustainable practices that could be considered by the organization (Buller McEvoy, 2012). It would also be important to train them well and good, make them knowledgeable about the ways of approaching the objectives, and maintain sustainability through fulfillment of contemporary needs in business (fostersbeer.com, 2017). Trends and challenges for IHRM The most important trends for International human resource management are integration of the economy of the world and internationalization of business, which can result in management of international trade properly and bring out positive outcomes. Another major trend of the IHRM is the increased flow of foreign direct investments along with the emergence of cross-cultural business activities and inter-firm agreements for Fosters Group, Australia. With the recent trends in IHRM followed by Fosters Group, the social, economic and political factors have changed and created impacts on the various approaches of conducting international business (Daley, 2012). The outside environment influences the IHRM activities largely because of the different laws, business customs, political environment and rules that are present in Australia. The major issues and challenges in IHRM include difficulty to manage the international projects, having problems to adjust and give time with the families as few employees are away from their home country while working at Fosters group in Australia. It often becomes difficult o manage the human resources properly while recruiting and selecting the right individual for doing the right job and there are other barriers too such as cultural barriers, language barriers and differences in external environment as well (fostersbeer.com, 2017). Few other challenges faced by the IHR manager could be tax related issues, unable to coordinate the foreign currencies and rates of exchange and the difference in HR systems for the various geographic locations. The Government rules and regulations are also different in Australia, so the employees who would be recruited or might have left their home country should be subjected to various issues like health, legal and financial complexities too. During the international management of human resources, the failure rate of repatriation and expatriation is quite high and getting the appropriate mix of skills and knowledge among the newly recruited employees is quite difficult, regardless of the geographic location (Griffin Pustay, 2012). Other challenges for IHRM could be distribution of knowledge and information related to the organization and often it had been seen that the flow of information had deteriorated. The labor laws are different and even the political environment, which are considered as major challenges. There are various stages related to the advancement in technology and the employees who have visited Australia from their home country may not be able to feel free with the new technologies at Fosters Group. The level of education achieved is another challenge for IHRM, because the employees who want to work at Australia and pursue education at the same time may not be familiar with the Australian educational system and know about the various learning facilities and systems due to the variance in culture (Jiang et al., 2012). The variation of culture is based on five major dimensions including the individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty voidance, masculinity and long term vs short term orientation. Mobility is another major challenge because employees will have to leave their home country and visit the place where they need to work in Australia and ensure that they perform to their potential. The main barriers to effective IHRM are variations in rules and regulations, perception of human resources management, resistances to change or adopt the new environment and differences in culture during the management of learning and teaching styles (Marchington et al., 2016). Impact of these trends and challenges on the IHRM practices of Fosters Group Based on the recent trends, it could be understood that the HR department must enable a proper mix of staffs within Fosters Group who possess all the relevant skills, knowledge and expertise to adopt the new work culture. The recent trends include providing training and developmental sessions to the employees that can not only improve their skills, but will also enhance their performance level and ensure that they commit fully to the organization for achieving the desired goals and objectives (Mendenhall, 2012). In this way, the employees will also be able to gain working knowledge of the culture and language as well as know the values, beliefs, morals, customs, laws, rules and regulations of the organization where they have been working at present. This would also promote flexibility, identify the differences in performances of employees, and furthermore provide them with developmental programs for improving the areas where they lacked certain skills and strengths. Nowadays, Fosters Group has managed to recruit and select individuals from diverse backgrounds, culture and from different educational backgrounds as well for managing workforce diversity and ensure better innovation and creativity for allowing the organization to gain competitive advantage in business. This could enable providing a strategic direction to the organization as well as allow for focusing on the goals and objectives with ease and effectiveness (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). With the presence of a diverse workforce, it would be easy to gain potential benefits from enhanced innovation and creativity along with better decision-making ability for improving organizations competitiveness. Thus, the recent trend of managing a diverse workforce should create a positive impact by proving proper training to individuals and making them skilled of managing and dealing with other people within the organization and respect the diversity of views and opinions of theirs as well (Snell, Morris Bohla nder, 2015). It is evident that people as well as organizations learn from mistakes and so it is believed that challenges related to the IHRM practices can often lead to making changes and improvements for enhancing the organizational efficiency and ensure that the issues are not faced again in the future. The challenges in IHRM could often bring negative implications such as change in prices of products and services offered by Fosters Group. There are various evidences which showed that lack of educational skills can often be the cause of not understanding the projects undertaken by the company and furthermore deteriorate the organizational effectiveness (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). The business internationalization at Fosters Group has resulted in better mobility of the human resources and created a diverse workforce. But there were many employees who had felt depressed and faced issues regarding country permit, finance and even legal issues while visiting Australia, where they worked at F osters Group. Mobilization of human resources is costly and it can hamper the production level of the company sometimes too. New technologies should be implemented otherwise, it could also result in degrading the business performance and prevent proper business functioning as well. Often, discrimination at workplace is experienced when individuals from different backgrounds and cultures are recruited. Lack of skills and proper education could also create issues and affect the IHRM practices, as the employers would not be able to recruit and select the potential candidates and assign them the right kinds of tasks (Stahl, Bjrkman Morris, 2012). Knowledge about the different culture is important for the third party employees, because they need to adopt the new culture to perform to their potential at Fosters Group. The challenges could even pose major threats because relocating to another country might even change their health condition and create financial issues and furthermore make them unable to perform efficiently and manage the IHRM practices. This would hamper the efficiency of IHRM practices and degrade the efficiency of business operations and processes, thereby resulting in creating negative impact while managing international business (Alfes et al., 2013). Political risks could prevent the organization to enter new markets and even recruit the most skilled employees. The challenges also create difficulties to manage suppliers and supply chains and even hinder the human rights policies that not only results in inappropriate management of human resources but also deteriorates the effectiveness of IHRM practices (fostersbeer.com, 2017). Cross cultural similarities and differences There are both similarities and differences between the HRM practices in Australia and other countries. In Australia, the multinational corporations implemented various policies to reduce the central Government employment. The private sector has been mostly focused on to manage the savings methods and manage the IHRM practices properly to sustain in the global business environment and make a positive impact on the public service resourcing too. The organizational values and beliefs more or less remain same for the multinational companies, and so it creates very lesser issues for the employees to cope up with the surroundings. Every diverse culture present within the workplace of multinational companies consists of individuals from different backgrounds, ethnicity, religion or race (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The diverse culture and workforce can bring the varied opinions of many employees, which will not only create ease of managing global business, but will also increase the overall business performance. Criteria for selection and management of international managers The first and foremost criterion for selection of international manager is to check whether the individuals do possess enough leadership skills and knowledge of managing the human resources properly or not. Management of human resources is a serious issue and organisations success depends upon how well the human resources are managed. Selection of international managers is done who has the ability to mix the organizations culture and can get the employees involved in the working environment with ease. The international managers must also have proper leadership skills to ensure that the international assignments and tasks are allocated properly to the employees and they are even guided in the right direction for successful achievement of organizational goals and objectives (Brewster et al., 2016). The local and international values along with international trade theories must be known to the international manager to create an useful strategy for the international markets and make the global business and human resource management successful and noteworthy. Issues in international business The employees might not understand foreign laws and rules including tax implications properly, which could threaten the international business scenario. The prices were not set properly due to the new global trading activities along with lack of ability to position a particular brand. Fluctuations in currency rate is another major issue in international business whereas the cultural differences and communication barriers also create difficulties for managing global business (Daley, 2012). Approaches to international human resource management The most important approaches to manage human resources globally are ethnocentric, regiocentric, polycentric and geocentric approaches. The ethnocentric staffing enables to provide the most important positions in foreign subsidiaries with individuals from the home country. Many expatriates of Fosters Group are transferred to a foreign subsidiary in Australia. The polycentric staffing approach allows for recruiting the individuals from the host country while the regiocentric approach to HRM enables mixing up the foreign and local employees to work as an unit and create a good level of autonomy from the headquarter present at the home country. As the head of HR, I would consider the regiocentric staffing approach the most suitable for managing human resources internationally (fostersbeer.com, 2017). Conclusion The topic was concerned with the international human resource management where the three trends were technology, education and mobility along with the challenges including language and cultural barriers and even different trade rules, regulations and foreign policies. These challenges often created difficulties for management of global business properly and furthermore deteriorated the efficiency of managing recruitment and selection of the most appropriate employees and international managers within the workplace of Fosters Group. As the head of HR, I had presented few criteria for selection and management of international managers and approaches to IHRM to ensuring that the human resources would be manage properly and successful global business should be possible. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A. 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